Console> (enable) ping -s 203.238.149.2 1200 4
ING 203.238.149.2: 56 data bytes
time=32 ms4 bytes from 203.238.149.2: icmp_seq time=32 ms
time=32 ms4 bytes from 203.238.149.2: icmp_seq time=32 ms
time=32 ms4 bytes from 203.238.149.2: icmp_seq time=32 ms
 
-----203.238.149.2 PING Statistics -----
4 packets transmitted, 4 packets recevied, 0% packet loss
 
round-trip (ms)   min/avg/max = 32/32/34
 
 
 
Console> (enable) traceroute 203.238.149.2
traceroute to www.koreasuncom.co.kr (203.238.149.2), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
 1 210.114.174.4 (210.114.174.4)  1 ms  1 ms  1 ms
 2 202.30.241.57 (202.30.241.57)  8 ms  8 ms  8 ms
 3 203.238.128.212 (203.238.128.212)  11 ms  11 ms  10 ms
 4 203.238.145.98 (203.238.145.98)  13 ms  13 ms  13 ms
 5 203.238.145.114 (203.238.145.114)  18 ms  18 ms  18 ms
 6 203.238.149.2 (203.238.149.
Console> (enable)
 
[IOS 설치/ 업그레이드 방법]
 
TestSwitch1# show ver  > 기본적인 확인
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C3500XL Software (C3500XL-C3H2S-M), Version 12.0(5)XU, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Mon 03-Apr-00 17:31 by swati
Image text-base: 0x00003000, data-base: 0x00301398
 
ROM: Bootstrap program is C3500XL boot loader
 
TestSwitch1 uptime is 33 minutes
System returned to ROM by power-on
System image file is "flash:c3500XL-c3h2s-mz-120.5-XU.bin"
 
cisco WS-C3524-XL (PowerPC403) processor (revision 0x01) with 8192K/1024K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID 0x12, with hardware revision 0x00
Last reset from power-on
 
Processor is running Enterprise Edition Software
Cluster command switch capable
Cluster member switch capable
15 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
2 Gigabit Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
 
32K bytes of flash-simulated non-volatile configuration memory.
Base ethernet MAC Address: 00:02:FD:69:BD:40
Motherboard assembly number: 73-3904-10
 
 
Power supply part number: 34-0851-02
Motherboard serial number: FAA04319CVJ
Power supply serial number: NONE
Model revision number: A0
Motherboard revision number: A0
Model number: WS-C3524-XL-EN
System serial number: FAA0431W0VK
Configuration register is 0xF
 
TestSwitch1# erase flash: > 정상적인 부팅을 하기 위해서 .bin 파일만 존재하는 flash를 초기화
Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]
flashfs[1]: 0 files, 1 directories
flashfs[1]: 0 orphaned files, 0 orphaned directories
flashfs[1]: Total bytes: 3612672
flashfs[1]: Bytes used: 1024
flashfs[1]: Bytes available: 3611648
flashfs[1]: flashfs fsck took 3 seconds.
Erase of flash: complete
TestSwitch1#
00:33:51: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/11, changed state to up
00:33:52: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/11, changed state to up
TestSwitch1#ping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx > 대상 tftp 서버와 통신이 되는 지 테스트
 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/201/1001 ms
 
TestSwitch1#tar /x tftp://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/c3500XL-c3h2s-mz.120-5.4.WC.1.tar flash:
           > .tar로 압축되어 있는 파일을 tftp를 통해 flash 로 압축을 풀면서 카피
Loading c3500XL-c3h2s-mz.120-5.4.WC.1.tar from 210.96.226.154 (via VLAN1): !
extracting info (111 bytes)
extracting c3500XL-c3h2s-mz.120-5.4.WC.1.bin (1751538 bytes)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
 
 
html/ (directory)
extracting html/ClusterBuilder.html.gz (670 bytes)
중간생력…
extracting html/baudrate.htm.gz (476 bytes)
이하생략…
[OK - 3112960 bytes]
 
TestSwitch1#sh flash: > 플래쉬에 이미지가 올라간 상태
Directory of flash:/
 
  2  -rwx         111   Mar 01 1993 00:37:12  info
  3  -rwx     1751538   Mar 01 1993 00:38:02  c3500XL-c3h2s-mz.120-5.4.WC.1.bin
  4  drwx       10176   Mar 01 1993 00:38:40  html
164  -rwx         111   Mar 01 1993 00:38:40  info.ver
 
3612672 bytes total (574976 bytes free)
TestSwitch1#
 
지금까지 보면 상당히 간단하게 IOS 이미지를 업그레이드 할 수 있었습니다.
주의할 점은 erase flash: 하고서 전원이 나가면 다시 xmodem을 사용 해야만 한다는 위험이 있지만 그런 경우는 거의 없을 것이라 생각이 됩니다.
 
[Catalyst 3500에서 VLAN 설정하는 방법]

1.우선은 Cat 3500에서 VLAN 설정이 가능한지를 체크해야 합니다.

3524XL#show vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 0
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 254
Number of existing VLANs : 5
VTP Operating Mode : Server
#### 이 부분이 반드시 Server(Transparent)로 설정되어 있어야 함

VTP Domain Name :
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

2.각각의 포트가 어떤 VLAN에 설정되어 있는지를 체크한다.

3524XL#show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4,
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8,
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12,
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16,
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20,
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24,
Gi0/1, Gi0/2

1002 fddi-default active
1003 token-ring-default active
1004 fddinet-default active
1005 trnet-default active

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 1002 1003
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 1 1003
1003 tr 101003 1500 1005 0 - - srb 1 1002
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - 1 IBM - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - 1 IBM - 0 0

3. 위의 설정에는 오직 VLAN 1만 있는데 VLAN 2를 추가할 경우는 ......

1) 3524XL#vlan database
###### Cat3500/2900은 특이하게도 VLAN database로 들어가서 VLAN을 설정해야 함

2) VLAN 2를 추가한다.
3524XL(vlan)#vlan 2 name cisco_vlan_2

3) VLAN database mode에서 빠져 나온다.
3524XL(vlan)#exit

4) VLAN이 추가되었는지 확인한다.
3524XL#show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4,
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12,
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20,
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

2 cisco_vlan_2 active
위의 상태를 보면 VLAN 2가 설정되었다는 것을 확인할 수 있음.

4. 마지막 단계로 원하는 포트를 VLAN 2에 mapping을 시켜야 함.
(Fastethernet 0/2를 VLAN 2에 설정하도록 한다)

Switch #configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch (config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2
Switch (config-if)#switchport access ?
vlan Set VLAN when interface is in access mode

Switch (config-if) # switchport access vlan 2
Switch (config-if)#end
Switch #wr mem (반드시 저장을 하셔야 합니다.)

5. VLAN 2에 fastethernet 0/2가 mapping 되어 있는지를 확인한다.

3524XL#show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6,
Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10,
Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14,
Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18,
Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22,
Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

2 cisco_vlan_2 active Fa0/2

 
[스위치에 IP Address 할당하기]
 
1. Enter global configuration mode by typing configure terminal:
3524XL #configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config) #
2. Enter interface configuration mode, and enter the VLAN to which the IP information is assigned. VLAN 1 is the management VLAN in this case. Type interface vlan 1:
3524XL(config)#interface vlan 1
3524XL(config-if)#
3. Enter the IP address and subnet mask by typing ip address ip_address subnet_mask:
 3524XL(config-if)#ip address 172.16.84.26 255.255.255.0 (Use the IP address and mask accordingly)
4. Run no shutdown command to make sure that VLAN 1 is up administratively:
 3524XL(config-if)#no shutdown
5. Exit from the interface configuration mode by typing exit, this will take you back to the Global Configuration Mode:
 3524XL(config-if)#exit
 3524XL(config)#
6. Enter the IP address of the default router by using ip default-gateway ip_address command. This is needed to access the Management IP of the switch if you are trying to reach it across the network:
 3524XL(config)#ip default-gateway 172.16.84.1 (Use the IP Address accordingly)
7. Exit out to the privileged EXEC mode by typing end:
 3524XL(config)#end
 3524XL#
8. Save the configuration by using the write memory command:
 3524XL#write memory
 Building configuration...
 3524XL#
9. Use the show running command to verify your configuration:
 3524XL#show running             설정 값 확인
 Building configuration...
 Current configuration:
 !
 version 12.0
 ...(output suppressed)
 !
 
 
 hostname Switch
 !
...(output suppressed)
 !
 interface VLAN1
 ip address 172.16.84.26 255.255.255.0
 no ip directed-broadcast
 no ip route-cache
 !
 ip default-gateway 172.16.84.1
 !
 line con 0
 transport input none
 stopbits 1
 line vty 0 4
 login
 line vty 5 15
 login
 !
 end
 Switch#
 
 
[Trunk Port 설정하기]
 
Switch# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)# interface fa0/1

 
Switch(config-if)# switchport mode trunk            트렁크의 VLAN 방식으로 포트를 구성

 
Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation isl            ISL을 지원하는 포트 구성
Switch(config-if)# end

 
Switch# show interface fa0/1 switchport             Configuration 확인
Name: Fa0/1
 
Switchport: Enabled
  Administrative mode: trunk
Operational Mode: trunk
Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: isl

Operational Trunking Encapsulation: isl
Negotiation of Trunking: Disabled
Access Mode VLAN: 0 ((Inactive))
Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Trunking VLANs Enabled: 1-3,1002-1005
Trunking VLANs Active: 1-3
Pruning VLANs Enabled: NONE
 

 
Switch# copy running-config startup-config            Configuration 저장
Building configuration...
[OK]
Switch#
 
[SNMP 설정하기]
 
Switch (enable) #conf t
Switch (config) # snmp-server host 172.2.128.252 traps1 snmp vlan 2    지정된 호스트에 트렙 설정
Switch (config) # end
Switch # show running-config               Configuration 확인
 
[Spanning-Tree 설정하기]
 
Switch # configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z
Switch (config)# interface fastethernet 5/8
Switch (config-if)# spanning-tree port-priority 100       인터페이스에 포트 우선 순위 설정
Switch (config-if)# end
Switch (config)# interface fastethernet 5/8
Switch (config-if)# spanning-tree vlan 200 port-priority      인터페이스에 VLAN포트 우선 순위 설정
Switch (config-if)# end
Switch# show spanning-tree interface fastethernet 5/8            Configuration 확인
Port 264 (FastEthernet5/8) of VLAN200 is forwarding
   Port path cost 19, Port priority 100, Port Identifier 129.8.
   Designated root has priority 32768, address 0010.0d40.34c7
   Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0010.0d40.34c7
   Designated port id is 128.1, designated path cost 0
   Timers: message age 2, forward delay 0, hold 0
 
 
 
 Number of transitions to forwarding state: 1
   BPDU: sent 0, received 13513
Switch#
Switch# show spanning-tree vlan 200           Configuration 확인
<...output truncated...>
 
Port 264 (FastEthernet5/8) of VLAN200 is forwarding
Port path cost 19, Port priority 64, Port Identifier 129.8.
   Designated root has priority 32768, address 0010.0d40.34c7
   Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0010.0d40.34c7
   Designated port id is 128.1, designated path cost 0
   Timers: message age 2, forward delay 0, hold 0
   Number of transitions to forwarding state: 1
   BPDU: sent 0, received 13513
 
<...output truncated...>
Switch#
 
[SPAN 설정하기]
 
Switch # configure terminal
Switch (config)# int fa0/1
Switch (config-if)# port monitor fastEthernet 0/2
Switch (config-if)# port monitor fastEthernet 0/5                     모니터링 할 포트 설정
Switch (config-if)# port monitor fastEthernet 0/3
 
Switch (config-if)# port monitor VLAN 1
만일 한두개의 포트가 아니고 하나의 vlan인 경우는 해당 인터페이스로 들어가서 같은 vlan으로 설정한 후 port monitor 라고만 쳐주면 된다. 그럼, 스위치가 알아서 같은 vlan의 모든 포트를 잡아줍니다
 
Switch#show port monitor      ß------ Configuration 확인
Monitor Port Port Being Monitored
--------------------- ---------------------
FastEthernet0/1 FastEthernet0/2
FastEthernet0/1 FastEthernet0/5
FastEthernet0/4 FastEthernet0/

switch: dir

List of filesystems currently registered:

               flash[0]: (read-write)
              xmodem[1]: (read-only)
                null[2]: (read-write)
                  bs[3]: (read-only)

switch: dir flash:
Directory of flash:/

2    -rwx  42        <date>               env_vars
3    -rwx  798       <date>               config.text
4    drwx  10240     <date>               html
165  -rwx  556       <date>               vlan.dat
167  -rwx  5         <date>               private-config.text

6453248 bytes available (1288192 bytes used)
switch:

Switch: boot flash:/c3500XL-c3h2s-mz-120.5.1-XP.bin

April 27, 2007 SUPERUSER.CO.KR 이창목

우분투 8.04 베타버젼에서 윈도우 켐타시아 처럼 윈도우 화면을 동영상으로 캡쳐 할수 있는 리눅스용 recordmydesktop의 간단한 사용법에 대해서 알아보도록 하자

1.설치하기

shell>apt-get install recordmydesktop

2.실행하기

shell>sudo recordmydesktop

Initial recording window is set to:

X:0 Y:0 Width:2560 Height:1024

Adjusted recording window is set to:

X:0 Y:0 Width:2560 Height:1024

Your window manager appears to be Metacity

Initializing...

Buffer size adjusted to 4096 from 4096 frames.

Opened PCM device hw:0,0

Playback frequency 22050Hz is not available...

Using 44100Hz instead.

Recording on device hw:0,0 is set to:

2 channels at 44100Hz

Capturing!

Saved 116 frames in a total of 114 requests

Shutting down.....

Encoding started!

This may take several minutes.

Pressing Ctrl-C will cancel the procedure (resuming will not be possible, but

any portion of the video, which is already encoded won't be deleted).

Please wait...

[101%]

Encoding finished!

Wait a moment please...

Done.

Written 2363212 bytes

(2362479 of which were video data and 733 audio data)

Cleanning up cache...

Done!!!

Goodbye!

캡쳐가 끝이 났으면 Ctr+c를 누르면 recordmydesktop을 실행시킨 디렉토리에

out.ogg 파일을 만들어 준다.

토템플레이어로 out.ogg를 열어보면 동영상으로 캡쳐된 화면을 볼수 있다.

아래 이미지는 토템플레이어로 실행시킨 동영상 캡쳐 화면이다.

recordmydesktop의 세부옵션

Usage:

recordmydesktop [OPTIONS]^filename

General Options:

-h or --help Print this help and exit.

--version Print program version and exit.

--print-config Print info about options selected during compilation and exit.

Image Options:

-windowid id_of_window id of window to be recorded.

-display DISPLAY Display to connect to.

-x X Offset in x direction.

-y Y Offset in y direction.

-width N Width of recorded window.

-height N Height of recorded window.

-dummy-cursor color Color of the dummy cursor [black|white]

--no-cursor Disable drawing of the cursor.

--no-shared Disable usage of MIT-shared memory extension(Not Recommended!).

--full-shots Take full screenshot at every frame(Not recomended!).

--quick-subsampling Do subsampling of the chroma planes by discarding,not averaging.

-fps N(number>0.0) A positive number denoting desired framerate.

Sound Options:

-channels N A positive number denoting desired sound channels in recording.

-freq N A positive number denoting desired sound frequency.

-buffer-size N A positive number denoting the desired sound buffer size (in frames,when using ALSA or OSS)

-ring-buffer-size N A float number denoting the desired ring buffer size (in seconds,when using JACK only).

-device SOUND_DEVICE Sound device(default hw:0,0).

-use-jack port1 port2... portn Record audio from the specified

list of space-separated jack ports.

--no-sound Do not record sound.

Encoding Options

--on-the-fly-encoding Encode the audio-video data, while recording.

-v_quality n A number from 0 to 63 for desired encoded video quality(default 63).

-v_bitrate n A number from 45000 to 2000000 for desired encoded video bitrate(default 45000).

-s_quality n Desired audio quality(-1 to 10).

Misc Options:

--no-wm-check Do not try to detect the window manager(and set options according to it)

--compress-cache Image data are cached with light compression.

-workdir DIR Location where a temporary directory will be created to hold project files(default $HOME).

-delay n[H|h|M|m] Number of secs(default),minutes or hours before capture starts(number can be float)

--overwrite If there is already a file with the same name, delete it

(default is to add a number postfix to the new one).

-o filename Name of recorded video(default out.ogg).

If no other options are specified, filename can be given without the -o switch.

마치며..

윈도우의 캠타시아와 비교해서 시스템자원을 아주 작게 사용한다는게 큰 장점이다.

페도라 8에서는 GUI로 컨트롤이 가능하지만 우분투에서는 GUI 지원이 되지 않아서 세부적인 옵션을

적용하는데 불편함이 있었다.

하지만 간단한 윈도우 동영상을 캡쳐하기에는 쉬운설치와 실행으로 동영상을 만들수 있었다.